Let's start with a review of composition in Renaissance art:
Art in the Early Renaissance used an interior frame. Pictures were presented like theater. The whole subject was contained.
The first figure started at the lowest point, lined up with highest point. The prominent figure had louder color so you'd see him first. A lesser figure off to the side was placed a little higher, so you'd read prominent figure first. Artists worked slowly from passive to active.
SHADING
Shading for 3D changed during the Renaissance: Giotto (1267-1337 - at the very start of the Renaissance) used light shading. Giotto's composition is hardly a change from earlier medieval religious art (pictures above).
Masaccio (1401-1428 - Early Renaissance) used much more shading.
THEME, GESTURE
Masaccio followed the shape of head with the shape of the figure's ear. A shape became the theme.
Masaccio created his compositions by changing, distorting and finding differences between two-dimensional shapes.
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