MANNERISM began contemporary with Michelangelo,
but the Mannerists too went in a different direction.
The Mannerists' composition included unequal spacing and jumps.
i.e. the work of Pontormo (1494-1556).
Their drawing style used congestion, weird proportions, pulling of forms, and width changes: narrow to wide forms.
Parmigianino (1503–1540) contrasted big to small forms (i.e. muscle to wrist) in his modeling.
The contrapposto of the Renaissance (the figure standing with most of its weight on one foot so that its shoulders and arms twist off-axis from the hips and legs, giving the figure a more dynamic, or alternatively relaxed appearance) (i.e. Michelangelo's David) --- gave way to a running rhythm, with no counter movement.
Running rhythm:
El Greco (1541–1614) toned down the unequal spacing and jumps of the early Mannerists.
But El Greco's forms used rubber band stretches, distorts.
El Greco overstated themes, extended forms.
In his later work, El Greco even pinched forms.
El Greco presented the figure as the theme. Nearby objects echo the shape of the figure.
The composition lined up with outside contours, while the inside contour changes.
El Greco's work used a rise and a fall (in details and in whole picture).
In modeling, El Greco just catches the edge when he likes.
El Greco used big brushes.
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